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Cellulose-Based Interfacial Solar Steam Generation: Material Classification, Architectural Design, and

Jiayuan Sun¹, Ling Jiang^1,2,3

¹School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.

|July 15, 2026

Summary

Cellulose-based materials show promise for interfacial solar steam generation (ISSG), a sustainable method for water purification. This review explores their potential for efficient, multifunctional solar water treatment systems.

Keywords:

cellulose substrate desalination hierarchical structure interfacial solar steam generation multifunctional design nanocellulose sustainable water treatment

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Environmental Science
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Growing global freshwater demand necessitates sustainable water purification.
Conventional desalination is energy-intensive and environmentally taxing.
Interfacial solar steam generation (ISSG) offers a localized, solar-driven alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

To review cellulose-based substrates for ISSG systems.
To analyze how cellulose structure influences evaporation performance.
To discuss multifunctional ISSG strategies and future directions.

Main Methods:

Categorization of cellulose platforms: nanocellulose, natural hierarchical, and commercial planar.
Analysis of structure-property relationships for evaporation.
Review of multifunctional design strategies (salt regulation, antifouling, etc.).

Main Results:

Cellulose substrates effectively regulate water transport, heat localization, and vapor release.
Diverse cellulose forms (nanocrystals, nanofibers, wood, paper) show ISSG potential.
Multifunctional capabilities like salt regulation and pollutant degradation are achievable.

Conclusions:

Cellulose-based ISSG systems are promising for distributed, resource-efficient water treatment.
Practical benefits depend on fabrication energy, safety, device lifetime, and end-of-life management.
Future research should focus on intelligent, adaptive, and multi-energy-coupled systems.