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Flexible Compostable Composite Films Based on Plasticized Reprocessed PLA and Reinforced with Rice Husk and Rice Husk

Sergio Gonzalez-Serrud1,2,3, Ana Cristina González-Valoys2,4,5,6, Marina P Arrieta3,7,8

  • 1Departamento de Ciencias e Ingeniería de los Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, Panama City 0819-07289, Panama.

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Summary

This study explores sustainable material creation by reprocessing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) waste with rice husk or biochar. The resulting films show tunable properties and maintain PLA

Keywords:
acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC)biocharreprocessed PLA (rPLA)rice husk wastesustainable materials

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Sustainable Materials

Background:

  • Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer with significant waste generation from defective parts.
  • Valorization of PLA waste and agricultural byproducts like rice husk is crucial for sustainable material development.
  • Reprocessing and additive incorporation can modify PLA properties for diverse applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the reprocessing of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) waste with rice husk (RH) or rice husk biochar (RHB).
  • To evaluate the effects of acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) plasticizer and RH/RHB reinforcement on material properties.
  • To assess the structural, mechanical, thermal, water-related behavior, and compostability of the developed materials.

Main Methods:

  • Melt extrusion reprocessing of PLA with ATBC plasticizer.
  • Reinforcement of rPLA with 1 or 3 wt.% of RH or RHB.
  • Characterization using melt flow index, mechanical testing, thermal analysis, water contact angle, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and disintegration tests.

Main Results:

  • Reprocessing increased melt flow index (MFI), indicating slight material degradation.
  • ATBC improved processability and ductility; RH/RHB acted as nucleating agents, modifying wettability.
  • All films exhibited complete disintegration within 18–21 days under composting conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Practical valorization routes for PLA waste and rice husk were demonstrated.
  • Tunable material properties were achieved through reprocessing and additive incorporation.
  • The inherent compostability of PLA was preserved in the developed sustainable materials.