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Comprehensive Candidate Gene for Ginsenoside Rg1 Biosynthesis: Identification, Systematic Analysis, and Verification.

Ruicen Liu¹, Dinghui Wang¹, Ge Jin¹

¹College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

|July 15, 2026

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Researchers identified a key gene, PgRg1-021, that regulates ginsenoside Rg1 biosynthesis in ginseng. This discovery aids in improving ginseng quality and provides valuable genetic resources for targeted breeding programs.

Area of Science:

Plant biochemistry
Molecular genetics
Pharmacology

Background:

Ginsenoside Rg1 is a crucial compound in ginseng, indicating its quality and possessing diverse pharmacological effects.
Ginsenoside Rg1 levels are complex quantitative traits influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors, necessitating genetic investigation for enhanced production.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and functionally characterize genes involved in ginsenoside Rg1 biosynthesis in ginseng.
To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 production and establish a foundation for genetic improvement of ginseng.

Main Methods:

Transcriptome analysis of 344 ginseng roots to identify candidate genes.
Differential expression analysis, mutation screening, correlation analysis, and co-expression network analysis were employed.

Keywords:

Panax ginseng Rg1 biosynthesis SNP/InDel correlation association analysis functional validation gene interaction

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Functional verification through gene overexpression and RNA interference (RNAi) in ginseng hairy roots.

Main Results:

Thirty-three candidate genes implicated in Rg1 biosynthesis were identified.
A putative ginsenoside Rg1 biosynthetic pathway was inferred, and the role of PgRg1-021 was preliminarily clarified.
Overexpression of PgRg1-021 decreased Rg1 levels, while RNAi increased them, confirming its negative regulatory role in Rg1 biosynthesis.

Conclusions:

The study successfully verified the negative regulatory role of PgRg1-021 in ginsenoside Rg1 biosynthesis.
This research provides essential gene resources for further pathway analysis and targeted breeding of ginseng.
The findings serve as a valuable reference for identifying genes associated with other complex traits in plants.