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Related Experiment Videos

KRAS Mutation Subtypes, Co-Mutations, PD-L1 Expression, and Survival Outcomes in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Nesrin Gürçay1, Funda Demirağ1, Müzeyyen Burcu Kaplan Yılmaz1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Ankara Atatürk Sanatoryum Training and Research Hospital, Ankara 06280, Turkey.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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KRAS mutation subtypes and co-occurring alterations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) showed limited prognostic value. Immunotherapy significantly improved overall survival in this NSCLC cohort.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • KRAS mutations are common drivers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), presenting molecular and immunological heterogeneity.
  • Understanding KRAS subtypes, co-alterations, and PD-L1 expression is crucial for predicting outcomes, especially with immunotherapy.
  • Previous research has not fully elucidated the prognostic relevance of these factors in the context of modern cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinicopathological associations and prognostic significance of KRAS mutation subtypes and co-occurring genomic alterations in NSCLC.
  • To evaluate the relationship between these molecular features, PD-L1 expression, and patient survival outcomes.
  • To assess the impact of immunotherapy on survival in KRAS-mutant NSCLC patients.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
KRASNSCLCPD-L1STK11TP53co-mutationimmunotherapy

Related Experiment Videos

  • Retrospective analysis of 93 KRAS-mutant NSCLC patients from 543 sequenced cases.
  • Evaluation of KRAS subtypes, co-mutations (TP53, STK11, KEAP1), PD-L1 status, and clinicopathological data.
  • Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses for overall survival assessment.

Main Results:

  • KRAS mutations occurred in 17.1% of NSCLC cases; G12C was the most frequent subtype.
  • Co-occurring mutations (TP53, STK11) were common (73.1%).
  • No significant association between KRAS subtype and PD-L1 expression; STK11 mutations trended with lower PD-L1. Immunotherapy significantly improved overall survival (median OS: 24 vs. 7 months). Advanced stage predicted worse survival.

Conclusions:

  • KRAS mutation subtypes and co-alterations have limited independent prognostic value in NSCLC.
  • Immunotherapy demonstrated a significant survival benefit in this NSCLC cohort.
  • Further prospective studies are needed to validate these observational findings and explore predictive biomarkers.