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State-Level Differences in Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption by Income Among Children Aged 1-5 Years, United
Alain K Koyama1, Priya M G Das1, Latetia V Moore1
1Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Childhood Obesity (Print)
|July 15, 2026
Summary
Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is high among young children, particularly those in lower-income households. Interventions should target these vulnerable populations to reduce adverse health outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nutrition
- Public Health
- Socioeconomic Determinants of Health
Background:
- Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in young children is linked to obesity and other health issues.
- Socioeconomic factors influence SSB intake, but their combined effect is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine state-level associations between household income-to-poverty ratio (IPR) and SSB consumption in US children aged 1-5 years.
Main Methods:
- Pooled cross-sectional study using National Survey of Children's Health data (2021-2023) with 55,399 children.
- Prevalence of SSB consumption (≥4 times/week) estimated by household IPR categories (<130%, 130%-349%, ≥350%) and state.
- Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity.
Main Results:
- Nationally, 21.1% of children consumed SSBs ≥4 times/week, varying significantly by IPR.
- Lower IPR (<130%) was associated with higher SSB consumption (33.1%) compared to higher IPR (12.1%).
- Significant geographic variation observed, with consumption ranging from 8.6% in Vermont to 33.7% in Mississippi.
Conclusions:
- Findings underscore the need for targeted interventions for children in low-income households to reduce SSB consumption.
- Addressing socioeconomic disparities is crucial for mitigating health risks associated with SSBs in young children.
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