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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Optimization of Processing of Tiebangchui with Highland Barley Wine Based on the Box-Behnken Design Combined with the Entropy Method
09:12

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Published on: May 19, 2023

Optimizing Chitosan-based Posaconazole Dry Powder Formulation Using Box-Behnken Design: The Role of Leucine in

Sushil Kumar Singh1, Shyam Sunder Pancholi2

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Shree S.K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Kherva, Mehsana, Gujarat, 384012, India.

Infectious Disorders Drug Targets
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study developed optimized Posaconazole-loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles (POS-CSNPs) for dry powder inhalation, enhancing antifungal efficacy and pulmonary delivery. Leucine improved particle dispersion and lung deposition, showing potential for treating fungal infections.

Keywords:
NanoparticlesRhizopus oryzaebox-behnken designdry powder inhalerin-vitro fungal studyposaconazole

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

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A Workflow for Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) Formulation Optimization using Designed Mixture-Process Experiments and Self-Validated Ensemble Models (SVEM)
13:54

A Workflow for Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) Formulation Optimization using Designed Mixture-Process Experiments and Self-Validated Ensemble Models (SVEM)

Published on: August 18, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Pulmonary fungal infections pose a significant health challenge.
  • Existing treatments often face limitations in efficacy and delivery.
  • Posaconazole is a potent antifungal agent with potential for pulmonary administration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and optimize a dry powder inhalation formulation of Posaconazole-loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles (POS-CSNPs) using a Quality by Design (QbD) approach.
  • To enhance pulmonary drug delivery and antifungal efficacy against Rhizopus oryzae.
  • To improve drug encapsulation, particle dispersion, and lung deposition using leucine.

Main Methods:

  • A Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used to optimize formulation parameters (CS:TPP ratio, stirring speed, polymer concentration).
  • Nanoparticles were prepared via ionic gelation and spray-dried with lactose and leucine.
  • Characterization included FTIR, DLS, TEM, XRD, in vitro release, pulmonary deposition, antifungal activity, and stability studies.

Main Results:

  • Optimized POS-CSNPs exhibited a particle size of 248.20 nm, PDI of 0.225, zeta potential of 21.92 mV, and Entrapment Efficiency (EE) of 68.17%.
  • In vitro release demonstrated sustained drug delivery over 48 hours.
  • Leucine-containing formulations achieved a Fine Particle Fraction (FPF) of 68.9% and significantly enhanced antifungal activity (zone of inhibition 21 mm).

Conclusions:

  • The developed dry powder POS-CSNP formulation is stable and effective for pulmonary delivery.
  • Leucine significantly improved nanoparticle dispersibility and lung deposition.
  • This formulation holds promise for improved treatment of pulmonary fungal infections, though further in vivo studies are warranted.