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Related Concept Videos

Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
Development of the Lymphatic System01:15

Development of the Lymphatic System

The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

From a 2DE-Gel Spot to Protein Function: Lesson Learned From HS1 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
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From a 2DE-Gel Spot to Protein Function: Lesson Learned From HS1 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Published on: October 19, 2014

Primary central nervous system lymphoma-current standards and recent developments.

Matthijs Van Der Meulen1, Joost S P Vermaat2, Norbert Galldiks3,4

  • 1Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.

Neuro-Oncology Practice
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell cancer. Advances in imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis aid diagnosis and treatment, improving outcomes for many patients.

Keywords:
Imaging|MRI[18F]FDG-PETliquid biopsytreatment

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From a 2DE-Gel Spot to Protein Function: Lesson Learned From HS1 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
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Published on: March 10, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Neurology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
  • PCNSL is confined to the central nervous system without systemic involvement.
  • PCNSL incidence has risen over the past 30 years, with improved prognoses for patients under 70.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of PCNSL epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • To highlight recent advancements in diagnostic techniques for PCNSL.
  • To emphasize recent developments in PCNSL treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • This is a narrative review.
  • Literature search on PCNSL epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • Focus on recent diagnostic and therapeutic developments.

Main Results:

  • Histological confirmation via brain biopsy remains the gold standard for PCNSL diagnosis.
  • Neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis are increasingly valuable tools.
  • Recent developments enhance differential diagnosis, direct diagnosis, and post-treatment follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • PCNSL is a potentially curable malignancy with improved outcomes.
  • Integrated diagnostic approaches combining imaging, CSF analysis, and histology are crucial.
  • Ongoing research in diagnostic and treatment modalities continues to advance PCNSL care.