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Exploring Barriers, Enablers, and Strategies for Implementing Learning Health System Projects in Healthcare
Louise Shaw1,2,3, Meg Perrier2,3, Kayley Lyons3,4
1Department of Critical Care University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia.
Learning Health Systems
|July 15, 2026
Summary
Implementing learning health systems (LHS) requires more than individual capability. Successful LHS projects need aligned strategies across individual, organizational, and system levels, addressing barriers at each stage for broader impact.
Area of Science:
- Health Services Research
- Implementation Science
- Healthcare Management
Background:
- Learning Health Systems (LHS) aim to integrate evidence into practice.
- Implementation of LHS projects faces multilevel challenges.
- Understanding these barriers and enablers is crucial for successful adoption.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze barriers, enablers, and strategies for implementing Learning Health Systems (LHS) projects.
- To examine these factors across individual (micro), organizational (meso), and system (macro) levels.
- To inform strategies for enhancing LHS project success in Australian healthcare.
Main Methods:
- Semistructured interviews with 26 clinicians in LHS projects.
- Interviews conducted at two time points: early and completion of project implementation.
- Data analyzed using a hybrid deductive-inductive approach with a multilevel ecological codebook.
Main Results:
- Individual level: Initial uncertainty evolved to greater confidence and adaptive strategies.
- Organizational level: Slow progress with some cultural shifts, constrained by resources and infrastructure.
- System level: Consistent barriers in regulation, policy, and funding reported.
Conclusions:
- Individual capability building is necessary but insufficient for LHS success.
- Alignment across micro-, meso-, and macrolevels is critical for scaling impact.
- Multilevel strategies investing in organizational readiness, digital infrastructure, and policy reform are essential.
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