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Association between TNFa rs1800629 and migraine: Case-control study and updated meta-analysis.

Ioannis Liampas^1,2, Maria Papasavva^3,4, Silvia Demiri⁵

¹Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Mezourlo Hill, 41110 Larissa, Greece.

AIMS Neuroscience

|July 15, 2026

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The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) rs1800629 polymorphism is not linked to migraine in Greeks. However, a meta-analysis shows it may increase migraine risk in Asians and is associated with migraine with aura.

Area of Science:

Genetics
Neurology
Immunology

Background:

Migraine is a complex neurological disorder with genetic and environmental influences.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) is an inflammatory cytokine implicated in various diseases.
The TNFa rs1800629 polymorphism is a candidate gene variant for migraine susceptibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between the TNFa rs1800629 polymorphism and migraine susceptibility in individuals of Greek ancestry.
To conduct a meta-analysis combining the current study's data with published studies to re-evaluate the relationship between rs1800629 and migraine.

Main Methods:

A case-control study was performed with 123 migraine patients and 123 healthy controls from Greece.
Genotyping for the TNFa rs1800629 polymorphism was conducted.

Keywords:

SNP TNFa migraine polymorphism rs1800629

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A meta-analysis was performed on 14,742 migraine patients and 46,384 healthy controls from multiple studies.

Main Results:

No significant association was found between TNFa rs1800629 and migraine in the Greek population across all genetic models.
The meta-analysis revealed a trend towards increased migraine risk with rs1800629 (OR=1.26, P=0.09).
Subgroup analyses showed a significant association in individuals of Asian ancestry (OR=1.64, P=0.02) and with migraine with aura under an over-dominant model (OR=1.21, P=0.001).

Conclusions:

The TNFa rs1800629 polymorphism is not associated with migraine susceptibility in the Greek population.
The rs1800629 polymorphism may increase migraine risk in specific populations, particularly those of Asian ancestry.
The association with migraine with aura suggests a potential heterozygote-driven effect, warranting further investigation with caution due to low homozygosity frequency.