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Related Concept Videos

Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
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Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders
08:33

Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders

Published on: December 4, 2014

Aberrations in Peripheral Blood Neuron-Specific Enolase Levels in Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Qianbing Ge1,2, Yangke Li1,2, Tianye Sun1,2

  • 1Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China, tmmu.edu.cn.

Depression and Anxiety
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Elevated neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in blood is linked to major depressive disorder (MDD) and poststroke depression (PSD). This meta-analysis suggests NSE may serve as a biomarker for these depression subtypes.

Keywords:
major depressive disordermeta-analysisneuron-specific enolasepoststroke depressionserum

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

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Published on: October 20, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is a glycolytic enzyme primarily found in neurons and endocrine cells.
  • NSE is recognized as a biomarker for peripheral neuroendocrine cells and neurons.
  • Previous studies on the correlation between peripheral blood NSE levels and depression have yielded inconsistent findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate peripheral blood NSE levels in patients with various depression subtypes.
  • To clarify the association between NSE levels and the risk of depression.

Main Methods:

  • An extensive literature review was conducted across multiple databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, etc.).
  • A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled effect size (Hedges' g).
  • Sensitivity, publication bias, and subgroup analyses were performed using CMA 3.0 software.

Main Results:

  • 18 studies with 1175 records were included in the meta-analysis.
  • Abnormally elevated peripheral blood NSE levels were closely associated with the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) and poststroke depression (PSD).
  • Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the findings, and no significant publication bias was detected.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated peripheral blood NSE levels are strongly related to the risk of depression, particularly MDD and PSD.
  • These findings provide a valuable reference for depression monitoring and early warning.
  • Further validation is needed for other depression subtypes and clinical translation, requiring larger-scale studies.