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Association between OLD and IBD: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Chaowei Ding1, Yunmeng Wang2, Tongxinwei Sun3
1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiamen Humanity Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Frontiers in Immunology
|July 15, 2026
Summary
This review found that obstructive lung diseases like COPD and asthma are linked to increased risks of inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflammatory bowel diseases also raise the risk of developing obstructive lung conditions.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology and Gastroenterology
- Epidemiology
- Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
Background:
- Obstructive lung diseases (OLD) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic conditions with significant global impact.
- Understanding the bidirectional relationship between OLD and IBD is crucial for comprehensive patient management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically evaluate the bidirectional association between obstructive lung diseases (OLD) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).
- To synthesize evidence on the links between specific OLD subtypes (COPD, asthma, bronchiectasis) and IBD subtypes (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis).
Main Methods:
- Systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases following PRISMA guidelines.
- Inclusion of 30 observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) published up to June 2025.
- Quality assessment using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and meta-analysis using random or fixed effects models.
Main Results:
- IBD is associated with an increased risk of subsequent COPD.
- COPD generally increases the risk of subsequent CD and UC, with notable heterogeneity.
- A consistent association exists between IBD and increased risk of asthma, and vice versa, particularly with CD.
Conclusions:
- Positive associations between OLD and IBD are supported, especially COPD with IBD subtypes and asthma with CD.
- Clinicians should consider respiratory comorbidities in IBD patients and vice versa for early detection and management.
- The strength of association varies by specific OLD and IBD subtypes and requires consideration of age context.
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