Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 16, 2026
Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players
Published on: June 10, 2025
Effects of standalone plyometric training on vertical jump and linear sprint performance in handball athletes: a
1College of Physical Education, Kashi University, Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
Introduction:
Handball is a high-intensity intermittent sport that demands exceptional lower-body explosive power for jumping and sprinting in match play. Existing research on plyometric training for handball athletes often combines this modality with other interventions, leaving the independent effects of standalone plyometric training on key physical outcomes poorly quantified. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of standalone plyometric training on vertical jump (squat jump [SJ], countermovement jump [CMJ]) and multi-distance linear sprint performance in handball athletes, and to explore moderators of training response.
Methods:
A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and SportDiscus up to March 2, 2026. Controlled trials comparing standalone plyometric training with a no-intervention control in handball athletes were included. Methodological quality was assessed via the ROBINS-I tool. Pooled Hedges' g effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity, publication bias, and subgroup effects (age, gender) were assessed via standard meta-analytic methods.
Results:
Fourteen studies with 350 handball athletes were included. Standalone plyometric training significantly improved both CMJ (g = 1.17, 95% CI 0.40-1.93, I² = 82.0%) and SJ (g = 0.86, 95% CI 0.33-1.39, I² = 64.7%) performance. No significant effects were observed for 10m, 20m, or 30m linear sprint outcomes. Subgroup analyses showed significant vertical jump benefits in athletes under 18 years, but not in adults aged 18 and above, with no significant gender difference in CMJ training response. Significant publication bias was identified for CMJ and 30m sprint outcomes, with borderline bias for SJ.
Conclusion:
Standalone plyometric training effectively improves vertical jump performance in handball athletes, particularly in adolescent players, but has no significant benefit for short-to-moderate distance linear sprint performance. Future research should establish standardized handball-specific plyometric protocols to refine evidence-based conditioning guidelines.
Systematic Review Registration:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD420261360294.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Motion of a Projectile
Horizontal motion, governed by the initial kick, maintains a constant velocity throughout the flight of the soccer ball.
01:27Exercise and Muscle Performance
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...