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Related Concept Videos

Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs)01:42

Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs)

Microtubule function and architecture are regulated by an array of specialized proteins called microtubule-associated proteins or MAPs. These proteins are widespread across different organisms and have conserved protein motifs, like the multi-TOG domain for tubulin binding found in the CLASP family of MAPs. Some MAPs are lineage-specific based on their conserved domains. Their functions depend upon the cytoskeletal architecture and cell type they are located within. In-plant cells, a specific...
Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures01:32

Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures

Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
Microtubule Instability02:17

Microtubule Instability

Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated assembly and...
Microtubule Formation01:23

Microtubule Formation

Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo continuous assembly and disassembly. They originate from specialized multi-protein complexes known as microtubule organizing centers or MTOCs. Within the MTOC, the point of origin of the microtubule is known as the minus end, while the end radiating outward is the plus end. Microtubules serve two primary functions — the organization of spindle complexes to separate sister chromatids during mitotic or meiotic cell division and the formation of...
Drugs that Stabilize Microtubules01:15

Drugs that Stabilize Microtubules

Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo cycles of catastrophe and rescue. The microtubules play a central role in cell division by forming the spindle apparatus for segregating the chromosomes. This makes them ideal targets for regulating dividing cells in tumors and malignant cancer cells. Microtubule stabilizing drugs help stabilize the microtubule formation and promote its polymerization. Paclitaxel was the first microtubule stabilizing agent used as anticancer drug in chemotherapy...
Destabilization of Microtubules01:45

Destabilization of Microtubules

The destabilization of microtubules can occur during different stages of the microtubule lifecycle, such as nucleation or elongation. It can take place at either end of the microtubule or in the microtubule lattices as a whole. The lifespan of individual microtubules within a cell varies according to the cell type and stage of the cell cycle. During interphase, the lifespan of the microtubule is about 30 minutes, while during cell division, it is about 15 minutes. In axonal microtubules of...

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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Extracting Modified Microtubules from Mammalian Cells to Study Microtubule-Protein Complexes by Cryo-Electron Microscopy
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Extracting Modified Microtubules from Mammalian Cells to Study Microtubule-Protein Complexes by Cryo-Electron Microscopy

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Direct interaction between tubulin and PMCA, a complex with functional implications.

Gustavo Caro1,2, Melisa M Balach1,2, Alexis N Campetelli1,2

  • 1Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), CONICET - UNRC), Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.

FEBS Letters
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Tubulin directly binds to plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA), modulating its activity. This interaction also affects microtubule polymerization, revealing a novel cellular regulatory mechanism.

Keywords:
calcium regulationcytoskeleton–membrane interactionsenzymatic modulationmicrotubule assemblytubulin–PMCA complex

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Optimizing Tubulin Yield from Porcine Brain Tissue
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Optimizing Tubulin Yield from Porcine Brain Tissue

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Extracting Modified Microtubules from Mammalian Cells to Study Microtubule-Protein Complexes by Cryo-Electron Microscopy
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Visualizing Actin and Microtubule Coupling Dynamics In Vitro by Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) Microscopy
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Optimizing Tubulin Yield from Porcine Brain Tissue
06:30

Optimizing Tubulin Yield from Porcine Brain Tissue

Published on: October 11, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Tubulin regulates cellular processes via interactions with non-cytoskeletal proteins.
  • Plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) is crucial for maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the direct interaction between tubulin and PMCA.
  • To elucidate the functional consequences of this interaction on both proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical assays to detect tubulin-PMCA complex formation.
  • Enzyme activity assays for PMCA (ATPase and p-nitrophenylphosphatase).
  • Microtubule polymerization assays.

Main Results:

  • Tubulin directly associates with PMCA, forming a high-molecular-weight complex independent of tubulin polymerization.
  • Tubulin binding stimulates PMCA's ATPase and p-nitrophenylphosphatase activities in a concentration-dependent manner.
  • PMCA influences microtubule polymerization in vitro.

Conclusions:

  • Tubulin directly modulates PMCA activity.
  • PMCA affects tubulin assembly and polymerization.
  • A novel tubulin-PMCA complex has been identified, offering new insights into cellular regulation.