Coaxial One-Dimensional Nanowires: Artificial Interface Engineering for Next-Generation Energy Storage

Nanowires, characterized by their exceptionally high aspect ratios, provide continuous pathways for carrier transport along the longitudinal axis, endowing them with a range of advantageous attributes for electrochemical energy storage systems. Nevertheless, single-component nanowires frequently struggle to simultaneously achieve high electronic and ionic conductivity while maintaining structural robustness. To overcome these limitations, multicomponent one-dimensional coaxial nanostructures have emerged as a powerful design strategy, wherein the synergistic core-shell architecture facilitates efficient electron and ion transport, alleviates volumetric fluctuations, and enhances interfacial stability, thereby addressing the intrinsic shortcomings of conventional single-component nanowires. In this Review, we present a comprehensive overview of recent advances in Coaxial Nanowires for electrochemical energy storage, encompassing their structural characteristics, fabrication methodologies, and representative applications in Lithium-Ion batteries, sodium-Ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, metal-air batteries, multivalent-ion batteries, and supercapacitors. We further analyze the fundamental challenges and limitations confronting current electrochemical energy storage technologies and elucidate how coaxial nanowire architectures can effectively address these issues. Finally, the remaining obstacles in the development of Coaxial Nanowires are critically discussed, and forward-looking perspectives are offered to guide the rational design and future deployment of next-generation energy storage devices based on this versatile material platform.