Knowledge and attitudes toward human papillomavirus and its vaccine among medical students

The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge and attitudes regarding human papillomavirus infection and vaccination among medical students and to examine differences according to gender and academic year.

This cross-sectional study was conducted during the 2024-2025 academic year among medical students enrolled at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Faculty of Medicine. Data were collected through a voluntary online questionnaire. The human papillomavirus Knowledge Scale (33 items; theoretical range 0-33) was used to assess knowledge. Results are presented as median (minimum-maximum). Group comparisons were performed using non-parametric tests, and multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors of knowledge.

A total of 372 students participated (56.5% female; mean age 21.5 years). The median total human papillomavirus knowledge score was 20.5 (0-31). Female students demonstrated significantly higher knowledge scores than male students (p<0.001). Knowledge increased significantly with the advancing academic year (p<0.001), with first- and second-year students exhibiting the lowest scores across all subscales. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that academic year and prior awareness of human papillomavirus testing were the strongest independent predictors of total knowledge (R2=0.411, p<0.001), followed by female gender, academic year, and alcohol use.

Although the overall level of human papillomavirus awareness was found to be satisfactory, knowledge levels were lower among male students, those in the early years of medical education, and individuals with unfavorable health behaviors (such as alcohol use). Providing comprehensive education from the early years of training may enhance future physicians' capacity to deliver effective preventive counseling.