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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...
Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration02:34

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

The rate of acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes depends on the alkene's structure, as the presence of alkyl substituents at the double bond can significantly influence the rate.
Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction01:22

Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction

The radical dimerization of ketones or aldehydes gives vicinal diols through a pinacol coupling reaction. However, the behavior of titanium metals used for the reaction as a source of electrons is unusual. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of titanium, diols can be isolated at low temperatures. Else titanium further reacts with diols, forming alkenes through the McMurry reaction.

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Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
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Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs)

Published on: January 17, 2020

Redirecting Reaction Pathway in Tandem Catalysis With Isolated Metal-Acid Architecture.

Wenfeng Lang1, Kaihang Sun1, Zhikun Peng1,2

  • 1College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Coking Coal Resources Green Exploitation, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel catalyst design using sodalite framework steric hindrance to isolate metal and acid sites, enhancing tandem catalysis for benzene hydroalkylation. This approach achieves record yields of cyclohexylbenzene (CHB) by controlling intermediate pathways.

Keywords:
benzene hydroalkylationhydrogen spilloverisolated metal‐acid architecturemetal‐acid bifunctional catalysttandem catalysis

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Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions
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A Microwave-Assisted Direct Heteroarylation of Ketones Using Transition Metal Catalysis
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A Microwave-Assisted Direct Heteroarylation of Ketones Using Transition Metal Catalysis

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
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Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions
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A Microwave-Assisted Direct Heteroarylation of Ketones Using Transition Metal Catalysis
07:06

A Microwave-Assisted Direct Heteroarylation of Ketones Using Transition Metal Catalysis

Published on: February 16, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Tandem catalysis requires precise control over metal-acid bifunctional catalysts.
  • Indiscriminate reactant access to metal and acid sites hinders intermediate control.
  • Conventional pathways involve competitive cyclohexene migration, reducing selectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rational design for metal-acid bifunctional catalysts.
  • To spatially isolate metal and acid sites using steric hindrance.
  • To optimize selectivity in benzene hydroalkylation via controlled intermediate evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized sodalite (SOD) framework's steric hindrance to exclude reactants from metal sites.
  • Confined ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles within the SOD framework (Ru@SOD).
  • Introduced distal acid sites by mixing Ru@SOD with HY zeolite.

Main Results:

  • Achieved exclusive cyclohexene formation and conversion within acidic domains.
  • Demonstrated a hydrogen pump effect driven by coupled hydrogenation-alkylation over HY domains.
  • Obtained a record-high 47.3% cyclohexylbenzene (CHB) yield with 75.6% selectivity at ~40% benzene conversion using Ru@SOD + HY catalyst.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial isolation of metal-acid sites effectively modulates intermediate evolution in tandem catalysis.
  • The developed isolated metal-acid architecture redirects reaction pathways, favoring acid-driven alkylation via hydrogen spillover.
  • This strategy offers a universal approach to optimize selectivity in complex catalytic systems.