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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...

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Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macerated Tissue to Visualize the Extracellular Matrix
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Published on: June 14, 2016

Vascular changes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Julia E Visch1,2, Ali Nassar1, George Burchell3

  • 1Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Cardiovascular Research
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Vascular abnormalities are key in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), impacting disease progression and outcomes. Assessing cardiac and peripheral vascular function is crucial for understanding HCM mechanisms and developing interventions.

Keywords:
endothelial dysfunctionhypertrophic cardiomyopathymicrovascular changesmyocardial perfusionsubclinical HCM

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Pathophysiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) involves left ventricular hypertrophy and significant vascular abnormalities.
  • These abnormalities include cardiac and peripheral vascular dysfunction, alongside structural vascular changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for assessing vascular function in HCM.
  • To explore the relationship between vascular changes and HCM progression, remodeling, fibrosis, and clinical outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search across multiple databases for human studies on vascular changes in HCM.
  • Included 130 studies, excluding hypertrophy secondary to other conditions.
  • Vascular assessment utilized Positron Emission Tomography, Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging, angiography, scintigraphy, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography, peripheral measures, and histology.

Main Results:

  • Perfusion abnormalities are prevalent in HCM patients.
  • Myocardial perfusion reserve is consistently reduced in HCM, correlating with disease features and adverse outcomes.
  • Peripheral vascular dysfunction is common, though mechanisms require further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Vascular abnormalities are integral to HCM pathophysiology, disease progression, and prognosis.
  • Limited data exists on vascular dysfunction in early or mild HCM, and in genotype-positive/phenotype-negative individuals.
  • Future research should evaluate vascular function across the HCM spectrum to identify therapeutic targets.