Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Permanent Cerebral Vessel Occlusion via Double Ligature and Transection
Published on: July 21, 2013
Chronic Total Occlusion After Kawasaki Disease
Juliana Gomez-Arostegui1, Jane C Burns2, Jiken Bhatt3
1Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California, USA; Pediatric Cardiology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA.
Insights
Children with Kawasaki disease (KD) can develop giant coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs), leading to lifelong risks of chronic total occlusion (CTO). Early diagnosis and management are crucial for preventing severe cardiac complications in KD patients.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Vascular Biology
Background:
- Kawasaki disease (KD) is a leading cause of acquired pediatric heart disease.
- Coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) are a significant complication of KD, occurring in up to 25% of untreated cases.
- Large CAAs increase the risk of thrombosis, myocardial ischemia, and chronic total occlusion (CTO).
Background:
Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common acquired heart disease in children. Coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) occur in 25% of untreated and 5% of treated cases. Large CAAs increase the risk for thrombosis, myocardial ischemia, and chronic total occlusion (CTO). Patients with collateral formation may remain asymptomatic.
Methods:
After retrospective chart review, we describe 8 patients diagnosed with CTO between ages 2 to 50 years following childhood KD.
Results:
All patients developed giant CAAs after KD. Four pediatric patients presented with CTO between ages 2 to 16 years. Four adults had childhood KD that was untreated or managed before standardized treatment and were lost to follow-up until CTO diagnosis between ages 31 to 50 years. Three patients had surgical bypass.
Conclusions:
Patients with KD and large CAAs remain at lifelong risk for thrombosis and CTO. Collateralization from slow, chronic ischemia may allow for conservative management in asymptomatic patients.
Related Concept Videos
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology
Chronic Inflammation
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction