Sensitive determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk-based sport supplements using magnetic dispersive solid-phase...

A sensitive and efficient analytical method is presented for the determination of very low levels of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk-based sports supplements. In this method, magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction (MDSPE) using synthesized Fe₃O₄@MACC-CSMNPs (Mercaptoacetic Acid-assisted Cadmium Coordination-Core-Shell Magnetic Nano Particles) as adsorbent is combined with deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DES-DLLME) followed by HPLC-FL analysis. The combination of these two techniques resulted in a significant increase in the enrichment factor and improved extraction efficiency in complex matrices. The parameters affecting the extraction were optimized and the developed method showed good precision, accuracy and reproducibility (RSD < 4%). The suitable linear range (0.006-50 µg kg^- 1) and low detection limit (0.002 µg kg^- 1) ensure the applicability of the method for monitoring low levels of this toxin. The recovery results in real samples indicate the high efficiency of the method. This approach can be used as a promising approach for analyzing the safety of food supplements and reduce health risks associated with aflatoxins.