Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without causing...
Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

In Response.

Anesthesia and analgesia·2026
Same author

Association of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a mobile cohort of older adults aged 70 to 95 years - Results from the AugUR study.

American journal of preventive cardiology·2026
Same author

Peripartum-Associated Heart Failure Develops Independently of RHOT Proteins.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Dyssynchronous heart failure: mitochondrial distribution and functions mirror regional workload and energy demand in a large-animal model of ventricular desynchronization.

European journal of heart failure·2026
Same author

[Good outcome after out of hospital cardiac arrest despite unfavorable prognosis and without using eCPR].

Die Anaesthesiologie·2026
Same author

Establishing a Sex-Specific Cut-Off for Temporal Bone Thickness in Transcranial Color-Coded Duplex Sonography.

Brain sciences·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
06:22

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Published on: April 7, 2021

Pathogen patterns in viral ARDS on V-V ECMO: a single-center experience.

Jannis Krais1,2, Matthias Lubnow3,4, Alois Philipp5

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine II/Cardiology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. Jannis.Krais@dhzc-charite.de.

Infection
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Patients with COVID-19 on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) face higher risks of bacterial, fungal, and viral infections compared to influenza patients. Understanding these distinct infectious complications is crucial for managing V-V ECMO patients.

Keywords:
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)COVID-19Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)InfluenzaPulmonary aspergillosisSuperinfection

More Related Videos

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia
09:49

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia

Published on: February 17, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
06:22

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Published on: April 7, 2021

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia
09:49

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia

Published on: February 17, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Viral acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) often necessitates veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO).
  • Infectious complications like bacterial superinfections and fungal infections are common but poorly characterized in this patient group.
  • This study investigates the incidence and spectrum of infections in V-V ECMO patients with viral ARDS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the incidence, timing, and microbiological profiles of infectious complications in patients with COVID-19 versus influenza requiring V-V ECMO.
  • To elucidate the distinct infectious burden associated with COVID-19 and influenza in severe ARDS managed with V-V ECMO.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of patients treated with V-V ECMO for COVID-19 or influenza at University Hospital Regensburg.
  • Data collection included patient demographics, SOFA scores, V-V ECMO duration, and documented infectious complications.
  • Comparison of cumulative incidences and incidence-density rates of bacterial, fungal, and viral infections between the two groups.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 patients (n=147) had higher cumulative incidences of bacterial superinfection (61% vs 35%), aspergillosis (33% vs 22%), CMV reactivation (18% vs 4%), and HSV reactivation (49% vs 26%) compared to influenza patients (n=72).
  • Bacterial infections occurred earlier in influenza patients (median 1 day before V-V ECMO) than in COVID-19 patients (median 2 days after V-V ECMO initiation).
  • Key pathogens included Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli in COVID-19, and Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae in influenza.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 patients on V-V ECMO exhibit a different pattern of infectious complications than influenza patients.
  • This includes a significantly higher burden of bacterial, fungal (Aspergillus), and viral (HSV, CMV) infections.
  • These findings underscore the critical need for vigilant monitoring and tailored management of infections in COVID-19 patients undergoing V-V ECMO.