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Related Concept Videos

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

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Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions
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Prevalence and Histologic Features of Multifocal Fibrosing Thyroiditis in the Routine Pathology Practice.

Floriana Jessica Di Paola1, Maria Vittoria Altavilla2, Giulia Calafato3

  • 1Biobank of Research, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy.

Endocrine Pathology
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Multifocal fibrosing thyroiditis (MFT) is an uncommon thyroid disorder found in 1.56% of resections. This condition often mimics papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and occurs in patients with other thyroid diseases.

Keywords:
Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.Multifocal fibrosing thyroiditisPapillary thyroid carcinomaThyroid follicular nodular disease

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Multifocal fibrosing thyroiditis (MFT) is a rare condition characterized by fibrotic lesions and follicular cell atypia.
  • Limited data exists on its prevalence and clinicopathologic features in routine practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and clinicopathologic characteristics of MFT in a routine surgical setting.
  • To investigate the association of MFT with other thyroid pathologies and its diagnostic challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 1,736 consecutive thyroid resections from Italian and Portuguese institutions.
  • Histopathological examination to identify MFT and associated thyroid conditions.

Main Results:

  • MFT was identified in 1.56% of resections (27 cases).
  • The majority of patients (85.2%) were female, with a median age of 52.
  • MFT frequently co-occurred with other thyroid diseases, including Hashimoto thyroiditis (51.8%) and follicular nodular disease (62.9%).
  • Incidental papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was found in 25.9% of MFT cases.
  • MFT foci mimicked PTC in 7.4% of cases, leading to thyroid resection.

Conclusions:

  • Multifocal fibrosing thyroiditis is an uncommon but significant finding in thyroid resections.
  • It often presents in patients with pre-existing thyroid disease and can mimic papillary thyroid carcinoma.
  • Accurate diagnosis requires meticulous histological examination due to overlapping features with other thyroid pathologies.