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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...

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Related Experiment Videos

Tuberculosis-Related Outcomes in Dermatologic Patients Receiving Systemic Therapy: A Systematic Review and

Kaixuan Liu1, Ziyi Zeng1, Wenjie Lu1

  • 1Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.

JAMA Dermatology
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Biologic therapies for skin diseases increase tuberculosis risk, with latent TB infection conversion highest for TNF inhibitors. Risk varies by drug class and geographic region, necessitating tailored monitoring.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Biologic agents are frequently used with immunosuppressants for immune-mediated dermatologic diseases.
  • This combination raises concerns regarding tuberculosis (TB) risk, especially in high TB-burden areas.
  • Previous research shows inconsistent TB risk across different biologic classes and limited data on latent TB infection (LTBI) conversion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the incidence of active TB and LTBI conversion in dermatologic patients on systemic therapy.
  • To investigate variations in TB risk based on biologic drug class and regional TB prevalence.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis searched multiple databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) up to October 2025.
  • Included studies were randomized clinical trials, cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies reporting active TB or LTBI conversion.
  • Data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment followed PRISMA guidelines, with pooled incidence rates calculated using random-effects models.

Main Results:

  • The analysis included 31 studies with 15,005 patients.
  • The pooled incidence of LTBI conversion was 4.3%, highest with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, followed by interleukin (IL)-17 and ustekinumab.
  • The overall incidence of active TB was 1.0%, with higher rates observed in high TB-burden regions.

Conclusions:

  • Tuberculosis risk associated with biologic therapies varies significantly by the drug's mechanism of action and the patient's geographic location.
  • Clinical decision-making for TB risk assessment and monitoring should integrate the specific dermatologic treatment class and regional TB burden.
  • This approach is crucial for optimizing patient safety in the management of immune-mediated dermatologic conditions.