Ultrasound Identification of Right Internal Jugular Vein Occlusion After Catheterization in a Premature Infant

BACKGROUND Right internal jugular vein (RIJV) catheterization is a routine clinical procedure for gastrointestinal surgery. The conventional blind puncture method is often unable to detect vascular anatomical variations, particularly in premature infants. Through widespread adoption of ultrasound-guided puncture techniques, the success rate of catheterization has substantially increased, and vascular anatomical abnormalities can be promptly identified. Internal jugular vein occlusion after catheterization is rarely reported in premature infants. This case report describes RIJV occlusion in a premature infant after 43 days of catheterization without preceding warning signs. CASE REPORT A premature infant underwent surgery for intestinal obstruction on June 28, 2024. A catheter was inserted into the RIJV and kept in place for 43 days. During catheterization, the catheter was managed according to standard nursing procedures. On October 22, 2024, central venous catheterization was required again. Ultrasound examination showed complete occlusion of the RIJV. Catheterization was successfully performed in the left internal jugular vein under ultrasound guidance as an alternative approach. CONCLUSIONS Several risk factors contribute to catheter-related thrombosis in premature infants undergoing central venous catheterization. Meticulous care measures should be implemented to maintain vessel patency after internal jugular vein catheterization. Early detection of thrombosis and occlusion is essential in infants. As a noninvasive and convenient assessment tool, ultrasound should be used to detect anatomical abnormalities and minimize vascular injury, particularly in infants with a history of catheterization.