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Renal replacement therapy: current modalities, indications, and clinical considerations.
Laurena Dongmo Fotsing1, Jay H Shubrook1
1Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Touro University California, 1310 Club Dr., Bldg HR-83, Vallejo, CA 94592, United States.
Postgraduate Medical Journal
|July 15, 2026
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 10% globally. Early detection and understanding renal replacement therapy (RRT) options, including conservative management and innovative devices, are crucial for improving patient outcomes in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Public Health
Background:
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global health concern, impacting approximately 10% of the world's population.
- A significant majority of adults with CKD in the USA remain undiagnosed, leading to delayed treatment and progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current renal replacement therapy (RRT) modalities for ESKD.
- To highlight the significance of conservative management as a viable alternative.
- To explore novel innovations in ESKD treatment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing RRT options.
- Discussion of vascular access requirements for hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD).
- Exploration of emerging technologies in kidney disease management.
Main Results:
- RRT options for ESKD include hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD), and kidney transplantation.
- Conservative management is presented as an important alternative to RRT.
- Wearable and portable HD devices represent promising innovations.
Conclusions:
- Understanding and offering diverse RRT options, alongside conservative management, is vital for ESKD patients.
- Emerging technologies like wearable HD devices hold potential to enhance patient quality of life.
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