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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
05:31

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Published on: February 26, 2020

Adaptive control in Stroop, Stroop-like, and Simon task types.

Giacomo Spinelli1, Stephen J Lupker2

  • 1University of Zurich, Switzerland.

Cognitive Psychology
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Adaptive control, the ability to adjust attention, is domain-general but requires response conflict. This study found robust effects in Stroop and Simon tasks, but not Stroop-like tasks, highlighting a key boundary condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Adaptive control, modulating attention to context, is often assumed to be domain-general.
  • Evidence for its domain-generality is limited by task and stimulus type.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically examine the domain-generality of adaptive control across different interference task types and stimuli.
  • To investigate the role of response conflict in triggering adaptive control.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Proportion-Congruent (PC) effect as an index of adaptive control.
  • Conducted five experiments with 432 young adults across seven tasks, including Stroop, Stroop-like, and Simon task types.
  • Varied stimuli within tasks to ensure confound control.

Main Results:

Keywords:
Adaptive controlProportion-congruent effectSimonStroopStroop-like

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Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
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Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Published on: February 26, 2020

Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients
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Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients

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The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content
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The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content

Published on: June 29, 2016

  • Robust PC effects, indicating adaptive control, were found in Stroop and Simon task types.
  • No significant PC effects were observed in Stroop-like task types.
  • Findings suggest response conflict is crucial for adaptive control.

Conclusions:

  • Adaptive control demonstrates domain-generality across certain cognitive tasks.
  • Response conflict acts as a critical boundary condition for adaptive control, challenging existing models.