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Related Concept Videos

Motor Unit Stimulation01:20

Motor Unit Stimulation

When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
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The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
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Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is a widely used control method in various engineering systems to enhance stability and performance. In a system with only proportional control, common issues include high maximum overshoot and oscillation, observed in both the error signal and its rate of change. This behavior can be divided into three distinct phases: initial overshoot, subsequent undershoot, and gradual stabilization.
Consider the example of control of motor torque. Initially, a positive...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

A Method for Evaluating Timeliness and Accuracy of Volitional Motor Responses to Vibrotactile Stimuli
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Published on: August 2, 2016

Differences in dynamic motor selection in stuttering.

Irene Echeverria-Altuna1, Birtan Demirel2, Sage E P Boettcher3

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (OxCIN), University of Oxford, Life and Mind Building, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3EL, UK; Department of Psychology, Yale University, 100 College St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language (BCBL), Mikeletegi Pasealekua, 68, 20009 Donostia / San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.

Current Biology : CB
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

People who stutter (PWS) show temporal coordination difficulties not just in speech, but also in general hand-action selection. This suggests a broader issue with timing and preparation in stuttering.

Keywords:
MEGaction selectionattentionelectrophysiologymagnetoencephalographysensorimotor mu/beta-frequency (8–30 Hz) activitystutteringtemporal expectationstimingworking memory

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Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

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The "Motor" in Implicit Motor Sequence Learning: A Foot-stepping Serial Reaction Time Task

Published on: May 3, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Speech-language pathology

Background:

  • Stuttering is characterized by speech disfluencies, often linked to temporal organization issues.
  • External timing cues improve fluency in people who stutter (PWS), suggesting motor timing deficits.
  • It remains unclear if these timing difficulties are specific to speech or generalize to other actions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal organization of hand-action selection in PWS.
  • To determine if temporal coordination deficits extend beyond speech production.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to record brain activity in 20 PWS and 20 typically fluent speakers (TFS).
  • Participants performed a visuomotor working-memory task requiring temporally specific hand-action selection and preparation.
  • Analysis focused on lateralized sensorimotor mu/beta-frequency activity modulation during action selection.

Main Results:

  • PWS exhibited weaker lateralized mu/beta activity modulation compared to TFS during hand-action prioritization.
  • This difference was most pronounced during periods of high uncertainty about action selection timing.
  • Despite neural differences, reaction times were comparable between PWS and TFS, and correlated with neural activity.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest a generalized disruption in the temporal structuring of action selection and preparation in PWS.
  • Deficits in temporal coordination may not be limited to speech but extend to other motor actions.
  • This implies a broader neural basis for timing challenges in stuttering.