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Related Concept Videos

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Respiratory assessment is a cornerstone of nursing assessments, crucial for the early detection of patient deterioration. This evaluation transcends routine procedures, representing a critical skill nurses must master to ensure optimal patient care.
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Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

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Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
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Sputum culture and sensitivity is a medical procedure used to diagnose bacterial infections in the respiratory tract and select the most appropriate antibiotics for treatment. This process involves analyzing sputum samples of thick and opaque secretions produced in the lungs and airways. These samples are collected from patients and then sent to the laboratory for analysis.
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Effective Air Sampling During and Post Construction Work in the Acute Healthcare Setting: Scoping Review.

D A Malley1, S Whelan1, L Reynolds2

  • 1Infection Prevention and Control, Naas General Hospital, Naas, Ireland.

The Journal of Hospital Infection
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
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Hospital construction poses infection risks from airborne fungal spores for immunocompromised patients. Current air sampling methods lack standardization, highlighting an urgent need for evidence-based guidance to manage these risks effectively.

Keywords:
Air samplingHealthcare-associated infectionsInfection controlScoping review

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Area of Science:

  • Infection Prevention and Control
  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Healthcare Facility Management

Background:

  • Nosocomial Aspergillosis and invasive fungal infections are significant threats to immunocompromised patients, especially during hospital construction.
  • Dust-generating construction activities increase airborne fungal spore concentrations, elevating infection risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize air sampling methods for fungal contamination during and after hospital construction.
  • To identify limitations and barriers in current air sampling practices in acute healthcare settings.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed, SCOPUS, and Embase (2005-2025).
  • Screening of 364 identified studies, with 28 meeting inclusion criteria (6 reviews, 22 primary studies).
  • Data extraction on air sampling approaches, focusing on Aspergillus species.

Main Results:

  • Significant variation in air sampling methods regarding sampler type, volume, timing, and protective measures.
  • Limited reporting on personal protective equipment (PPE) use and pre-sampling time delays.
  • Few studies established contamination thresholds or linked sampling to patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Current air sampling practices during hospital construction are inconsistent and lack standardized, high-quality protocols.
  • Systemic and contextual barriers hinder effective implementation of air sampling strategies.
  • There is an urgent need for practical, evidence-based guidance for infection prevention teams to manage fungal risks.