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Gold Nanorod Vacancy-Filling Based Optical Fiber Sensor for Sensitive Folic Acid Detection.

Zunao Huang¹, Zeman Shao¹, Yanchun Wei¹

¹Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials and Advanced Medical Devices, Huai'an University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China.

Analytical Biochemistry

|July 15, 2026

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A novel D-shaped optical fiber sensor detects folic acid with high sensitivity using gold nanorods. This platform offers a rapid, label-free method for crucial micronutrient monitoring in biomedical applications.

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Analytical Chemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Folic acid is vital for human growth; imbalances can cause adverse health effects.
Accurate and sensitive detection of folic acid is crucial for health management.
Existing detection methods may lack the required sensitivity or speed.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a rapid, highly sensitive detection platform for folic acid.
To utilize a D-shaped optical fiber sensor functionalized with folate receptor protein.
To enhance the sensor's response using gold nanorods for improved detection.

Main Methods:

Functionalizing a D-shaped optical fiber sensor with folate receptor protein.
Capturing folic acid via specific ligand-receptor interactions.

Keywords:

D-Shaped Optical Fiber Folic acid SPR nanorod

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Amplifying the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) signal using functionalized gold nanorods.

Main Results:

Achieved a high sensitivity of 6.5 nm/(ng·mL⁻¹) for folic acid detection.
Established a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.012 ng/mL.
Demonstrated sensor robustness and selectivity through stability and specificity tests.

Conclusions:

The developed sensor provides a label-free, high-sensitivity method for folic acid detection.
The gold nanorod amplification strategy significantly enhances SPR response.
This approach holds considerable potential for practical biomedical applications.