Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Adenocarcinoma Arising from Unilateral Retinal Pigment Epithelium Dysgenesis.

Journal of vitreoretinal diseases·2026
Same author

Long-term Outcomes of the Flanged Scleral Fixation Technique.

Journal of refractive surgery (Thorofare, N.J. : 1995)·2026
Same author

Post-Marketing Ocular Adverse Events Associated with Tamoxifen and Raloxifene: A Population-Based Pharmacovigilance Study.

Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2026
Same author

Drug-associated lacrimal drainage obstruction: a population-based pharmacovigilance study.

Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026
Same author

Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarkers as Potential Predictors for Visual Function and Response to Intravitreal Therapy in Diabetic Macular Edema.

Journal of vitreoretinal diseases·2026
Same author

Bilateral Papillitis and Unilateral Central Serous Retinopathy Associated with Dabrafenib and Trametinib Use in Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma.

Neuro-ophthalmology (Aeolus Press)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Corneal Sensitivity Testing Procedure for Ophthalmologic and Optometric Patients
04:00

Corneal Sensitivity Testing Procedure for Ophthalmologic and Optometric Patients

Published on: August 2, 2024

Association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and keratoconus.

Andrew Mihalache1, Ryan S Huang1, Marko M Popovic2

  • 1Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON.

Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology. Journal Canadien D'Ophtalmologie
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have more than double the risk of developing keratoconus (KC). Tear-film disorders, potentially linked to eye rubbing, were also a significant predictor in this study.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Corneal Sensitivity Testing Procedure for Ophthalmologic and Optometric Patients
04:00

Corneal Sensitivity Testing Procedure for Ophthalmologic and Optometric Patients

Published on: August 2, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with complex genetic and environmental factors.
  • Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive corneal ectasia affecting vision.
  • The potential association between ADHD and KC requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between ADHD and KC in a large, diverse adult population.
  • To determine if ADHD is an independent risk factor for KC.
  • To explore potential confounding factors and effect modifiers in this association.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cross-sectional study utilizing data from the NIH All of Us Research Program.
  • Propensity-score matching (1:3) was used to compare individuals with and without ADHD.
  • Conditional logistic regression models were employed to assess the association, adjusting for comorbidities and other relevant factors.

Main Results:

  • A cohort of 40,360 matched participants (10,090 with ADHD) was analyzed.
  • The prevalence of KC was significantly higher in individuals with ADHD (0.33%) compared to controls (0.14%), with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.36.
  • Multivariable analysis confirmed a significant association between ADHD and KC (OR 2.43), independent of confounders. Tear-film-related disorders were also a strong predictor (OR 5.37).

Conclusions:

  • Adults with ADHD exhibit a significantly increased likelihood of having keratoconus.
  • This association persists even after accounting for various psychiatric and ocular comorbidities.
  • Tear-film-related disorders may serve as a potential indicator or proxy for eye-rubbing behaviors associated with increased KC risk in ADHD patients.