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Related Concept Videos

Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
10:04

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Published on: September 5, 2017

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: An update.

Prasanta Raghab Mohapatra1, Baijayantimala Mishra2

  • 1Department of Pulmonary Medicine & Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.

The Indian Journal of Tuberculosis
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are rising globally, causing lung and other diseases. Effective management requires accurate diagnosis, species identification, and tailored, multidisciplinary treatment strategies for optimal patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Amikacin liposome inhalation suspension (ALIS)BronchiectasisMALDIMycobacterium abscessusMycobacterium avium complexNext-generation sequencing (NGS)Nontuberculous mycobacteriaNontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD)Treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly recognized as significant global pathogens causing pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections.
  • Commonly implicated species include Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), M. abscessus, and M. kansasii, particularly affecting individuals with underlying lung conditions or compromised immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of NTM infections, covering their increasing prevalence, diagnostic challenges, and treatment complexities.
  • To highlight the importance of accurate species identification and susceptibility testing for guiding therapeutic decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on NTM epidemiology, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
  • Emphasis on the 2020 ATS/IDSA guidelines for diagnosing NTM pulmonary disease (NTM-PD).
  • Discussion of treatment paradigms, including macrolide-based therapy for MAC and intensive regimens for M. abscessus, alongside novel therapeutic options.

Main Results:

  • NTM-PD diagnosis relies on clinical symptoms, radiographic evidence, and microbiological confirmation.
  • Treatment varies significantly by species and drug susceptibility, with macrolides central for MAC and combination therapies for M. abscessus.
  • Extrapulmonary NTM manifestations and coinfections add complexity to diagnosis and management.

Conclusions:

  • Effective NTM management necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, individualized treatment plans, and long-term monitoring due to high relapse rates.
  • Future research should focus on genotypic resistance testing and improved diagnostic criteria.
  • Increased clinician awareness and timely, expert-guided interventions are crucial for addressing the growing public health threat of NTM infections.