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Bacterial Vaccines for Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections: A Systematic Review with Emerging Evidence in Kidney
Nadia Bitar1, Gabriella Howell2, Ming He1
1Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
European Urology Focus
|July 15, 2026
Summary
Uromune consistently reduced recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs), unlike StroVac which showed mixed results. Both vaccines appear safe for kidney transplant recipients, but more research is needed.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
Background:
- Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) are a significant health issue, particularly for kidney transplant recipients (KTRs).
- Rising antimicrobial resistance necessitates exploring alternative prevention strategies like bacterial vaccines.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the efficacy and safety of Uromune and StroVac for preventing UTIs in adults.
- To specifically evaluate vaccine performance in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs).
Main Methods:
- A systematic review adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
- Searched PubMed and Cochrane databases for studies from 2020 onwards.
- Assessed outcomes including UTI recurrence, recurrence-free rates, antibiotic use, and adverse events, with a focus on KTRs.
Main Results:
- Uromune showed consistent efficacy in reducing UTI recurrence, significantly outperforming placebo in a randomized controlled trial.
- Evidence for StroVac was heterogeneous, with one RCT failing to show superiority over placebo.
- Limited data in KTRs suggested reduced UTI frequency and antibiotic use for both vaccines, with no reported adverse effects on graft function.
Conclusions:
- Uromune demonstrated more consistent efficacy in preventing UTIs compared to StroVac.
- Current evidence for vaccine use in KTRs is preliminary and requires further investigation through dedicated transplant-specific studies.
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