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Related Concept Videos

Three Developmental Domains01:29

Three Developmental Domains

Human development is typically examined across three main domains: physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional. These domains represent the significant areas of change and continuity throughout the lifespan, from infancy to late adulthood.
Physical Development
Physical processes, also known as maturation, encompass the biological changes that occur across an individual's life. These changes begin with genetic inheritance and continue through various stages, including growth in height and weight,...
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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...

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A Comparative Approach for Quantitative Cell Counting Studies in Widely Different Mammalian Brains
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Multiscale brain development across the human lifespan.

Sahar Ahmad1,2, Pew-Thian Yap3,4

  • 1Department of Radiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. sahar967@email.unc.edu.

Communications Biology
|July 15, 2026
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Summary

This review synthesizes MRI findings on human brain development across the lifespan. It highlights gaps in understanding how brain structure and function interact and their cellular drivers.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Lifespan brain development

Background:

  • Understanding human brain maturation is crucial for cognition, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Neuroimaging reveals nonlinear age-related changes in brain structure and connectivity.
  • Current understanding lacks integration across multimodal imaging, structure-function coupling, and cellular drivers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize multiscale MRI-derived data on structural and functional brain development across the human lifespan.
  • To identify key conceptual and methodological gaps in current research.
  • To outline priorities for future research in lifespan neurodevelopment.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of current evidence on brain development.
  • Synthesis of multimodal neuroimaging findings (MRI).
  • Focus on structure-function coupling and cellular/molecular underpinnings.

Main Results:

  • Nonlinear, age-related changes in brain morphology, microstructure, and connectivity are mapped by neuroimaging.
  • A unified understanding of interplay across multimodal measures is lacking.
  • Cellular and molecular drivers of network reorganization remain underexplored.

Conclusions:

  • A multiscale, MRI-derived account of lifespan brain development is presented.
  • Significant gaps exist in understanding integrated brain development.
  • Future research should prioritize bridging these gaps for a holistic view.