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Validity and reliability evaluation of the Functional Assertiveness Scale for community pharmacists: a
Mitsuaki Ishii1,2, Sachiko Ozone3, Shoichi Masumoto3
1Department of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 15-4-1, Maeda 7-jo, Teine-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 006-8585, Japan. s2030345@u.tsukuba.ac.jp.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences
|July 16, 2026
Summary
The Functional Assertiveness Scale (FAS) is reliable for Japanese community pharmacists, aiding medication safety. Further studies may refine the scale for pharmacy practice education.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacy Practice
- Health Communication
- Psychometrics
Background:
- Interprofessional collaboration between physicians and pharmacists is crucial for medication safety.
- Community pharmacists' prescription recommendations are vital for this collaboration.
- Functional assertiveness, a communication style balancing tasks and relationships, is proposed as beneficial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the reliability and validity of the Functional Assertiveness Scale (FAS) for Japanese community pharmacists.
- To evaluate the utility of the FAS in this population.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with 2,190 community pharmacists.
- Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA, CFA) assessed structural validity.
- Cronbach's α evaluated internal consistency; construct validity was assessed using correlation with the Interprofessional Assertiveness Scale.
Main Results:
- Analysis included 415 pharmacists; EFA confirmed a two-factor structure.
- Cronbach's α for the total FAS was 0.85, indicating good internal consistency.
- A significant positive correlation (rho=0.34, p<0.01) supported construct validity.
Conclusions:
- The FAS demonstrated sufficient reliability and a clear two-factor structure for Japanese community pharmacists.
- The FAS is a useful tool for measuring functional assertiveness in this group.
- Future item optimization and a pharmacist-specific version are recommended to enhance its application in pharmacy education and practice.
