Biomimetic scaffolds based on stem cells for neural tissue engineering: a review

Implementing biomaterials, scaffolds, and stem cell therapy for neural tissue regeneration introduces a revolutionary strategy in regenerative healthcare. By embedding stem cells within intricately engineered scaffolds that replicate the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), remarkable advancements in patient well-being can be realized. These biomimetic scaffolds not only emulate native tissues; they also possess a dynamic, multidimensional structure. Their biocompatibility and capacity to influence cellular metabolism position them as exceptional platforms for bioengineering. The outstanding flexibility of this technique enables optimal selection of biomaterials, scaffold designs, cells, and inorganic materials. A formidable body of evidence is emerging to highlight the vast potential of biomimetic scaffolds in tissue engineering and personalized medicine. Recent scientific studies reveal a significant rise in in vivo testing of biomimetic scaffold-based products, highlighting the critical importance of this research domain and the pressing necessity for continued exploration to facilitate the safe advancement of human-compatible biomimetic tissues and organs. This comprehensive analysis illuminates the vital conditions, challenges, and exciting innovations in scaffold design, especially in the context of brain tissue engineering. Ultimately, this review formulates a comprehensive framework for generating scaffolds that incorporate biomimetic attributes and optimal structures. The innovation of brain-implantable scaffolds holds great promise for reducing the impact of neurological disorders (ND).