Wearable and Multimodal Electrochemical Hydrogel Sensor for Real-Time Non-Invasive Sweat Glucose Monitoring

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Materials Science
• Electrochemistry

Background:

• Noninvasive sweat glucose monitoring is crucial for real-time health management.
• Existing methods face challenges in sensitivity and stability.
• Flexible electrochemical sensors offer a promising alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a flexible electrochemical sensor platform for noninvasive sweat glucose monitoring.
• To utilize a gold nanorods@polylysine-glucose oxidase (AuNRs@PLL-GOx) composite hydrogel.
• To achieve highly sensitive and multimode detection of sweat glucose.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of a flexible hydrogel sensor using AuNRs@PLL-GOx composite.
• Utilizing polylysine (PLL) for enhanced glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilization and charge transport.
• Integration of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and chronoamperometry (i-t) for multimode detection.

Main Results:

• The sensor demonstrated a wide detection range (up to 160 μM) and a low detection limit (3.71 μM).
• The AuNRs@PLL-GOx hydrogel exhibited excellent anti-interference capabilities.
• Improved electron-transfer efficiency and analytical performance were achieved through synergistic detection techniques.

Conclusions:

• The developed hydrogel-based sensor platform enables noninvasive, highly sensitive sweat glucose monitoring.
• The integration of multiple electrochemical techniques enhances detection accuracy and reliability.
• This platform shows significant potential for future wearable biosensors and smart healthcare systems.