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Promoting Participation in African High Schools: A Scoping Review.

Lomarie Thesnaar1, Monique De Wit1, Fasloen Adams1

  • 1The Division of Occupational Therapy, Stellenbosch University, Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa, sun.ac.za.

Occupational Therapy International
|July 16, 2026
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Summary

Occupational therapy interventions can enhance school participation for African adolescents facing unique challenges. Four suitable interventions were identified, emphasizing the need to incorporate spirituality in culturally relevant programs.

Keywords:
adolescentsframework analysisinterventionsoccupational therapyparticipationschools

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Occupational Therapy
  • Adolescent Health
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • School participation is crucial for adolescent development.
  • Occupational therapy is recognized for supporting participation in high-income countries.
  • African adolescents face distinct challenges impacting school engagement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map international school-based interventions for adolescents.
  • To evaluate the suitability of these interventions for the African context.
  • To identify culturally relevant strategies to promote adolescent participation in African schools.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Scoping Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension guidelines.
  • Inclusion of peer-reviewed studies on school-based interventions for adolescents (12-18 years).
  • Framework analysis to assess intervention suitability based on evidence, community practice, cultural norms, and spirituality.

Main Results:

  • Fifteen studies were included from an initial 2689 identified.
  • Four interventions demonstrated suitability for the African context: substance use recovery, social cognitive for autism, transition readiness for work, and mental health coping strategies.
  • Spirituality emerged as a key consideration for intervention delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Specific occupational therapy interventions can be adapted for African adolescents.
  • Culturally sensitive approaches, including spirituality, are vital for effective school participation.
  • Further research and adaptation are needed to implement these interventions in diverse African settings.