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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
13:20

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Published on: December 5, 2025

Right‑DLPFC rTMS Transiently Modulates Risky Decision-Making and EEG Oscillatory Activity.

Reza Kazemi1, Reza Rostami2, Maryam Majidinezhad3

  • 1Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

Brain and Behavior
|July 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) temporarily impaired decision-making and altered brain activity. These findings suggest rTMS may modulate cognitive control, but require further investigation.

Keywords:
EEGIowa Gambling Taskalpha asymmetryrTMSright dorsolateral prefrontal cortexrisky decision‐making

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuromodulation

Background:

  • The right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is implicated in cognitive control and risk aversion.
  • Previous research indicates DLPFC inhibition increases risky decision-making.
  • The effect of excitatory stimulation on decision-making remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of high-frequency (20 Hz) rTMS on the right DLPFC on decision-making performance.
  • To examine associated electroencephalography (EEG) changes in healthy adults.

Main Methods:

  • A within-subject, crossover design was used.
  • Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was applied over the right DLPFC.
  • The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and EEG were administered at baseline, during stimulation, and post-stimulation.

Main Results:

  • Active rTMS temporarily reduced advantageous card selections on the IGT.
  • EEG showed a post-stimulation increase in beta-band power after active rTMS.
  • No significant changes in frontal theta activity, theta/beta ratio, or frontal alpha asymmetry were observed.

Conclusions:

  • High-frequency rTMS over the right DLPFC can transiently impair adaptive decision-making.
  • Post-stimulation beta-band activity modulation suggests persistent neurophysiological changes.
  • Findings are preliminary due to small sample size and require replication.