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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Patient-Specific Polyvinyl Alcohol Phantom Fabrication with Ultrasound and X-Ray Contrast for Brain Tumor Surgery Planning
08:41

Patient-Specific Polyvinyl Alcohol Phantom Fabrication with Ultrasound and X-Ray Contrast for Brain Tumor Surgery Planning

Published on: July 14, 2020

In-house development of CT-based 3D-printed head & neck phantom for Radiotherapy applications.

Subhalaxmi Mishra1, Vandana Shrivastava1, Rajesh Kumar1,2

  • 1Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics
|July 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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This study developed an affordable, customizable 3D-printed Head & Neck phantom for radiotherapy, accurately replicating patient anatomy and tissue properties for quality assurance and treatment verification.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiotherapy Technology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Anthropomorphic phantoms are crucial for radiotherapy quality assurance (QA), treatment verification, and dosimetric validation.
  • Commercial phantoms are costly and lack customization, limiting widespread clinical adoption.
  • 3D printing offers a cost-effective and versatile solution for creating patient-specific phantoms with accurate properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design, fabricate, and evaluate a CT-based Head & Neck anthropomorphic phantom using 3D printing for radiotherapy.
  • To ensure the phantom accurately mimics patient-specific anatomical and radiological characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Phantom design based on patient CT data, with segmentation of key organs (brain, eyes, trachea, etc.).
Keywords:
3D printing techniqueRadiotherapyanthropomorphic phantomhead & neck phantomtissue‐equivalent materials

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Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Patient-Specific Polyvinyl Alcohol Phantom Fabrication with Ultrasound and X-Ray Contrast for Brain Tumor Surgery Planning
08:41

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Published on: July 14, 2020

Development and Evaluation of 3D-Printed Cardiovascular Phantoms for Interventional Planning and Training
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Development and Evaluation of 3D-Printed Cardiovascular Phantoms for Interventional Planning and Training

Published on: January 18, 2021

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Published on: March 22, 2013

  • Selection and optimization of 3D printing materials for tissue equivalence.
  • Dosimetric evaluation using treatment planning systems (TPS) and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) for dose verification.

    • Main Results:

    • The 3D-printed phantom showed excellent agreement (within 5%) with patient CT data for Hounsfield Unit (HU) values and intra-organ uniformity.
    • Dosimetric analysis revealed deviations less than 5% for planned target volumes (PTV) and organs at risk (OARs) compared to TPS calculations.
    • Measured doses closely matched planned doses, with minor deviations at low-dose regions attributed to detector uncertainties.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed 3D-printed phantom accurately replicates anatomical and radiological properties, suitable for radiotherapy applications.
    • It offers a customizable, cost-effective, and reliable alternative to commercial anthropomorphic phantoms.
    • The phantom's performance supports its use in radiotherapy QA, treatment verification, and dosimetric validation.