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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Tools for Surface Treatment of Silicon Planar Intracortical Microelectrodes
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Nanostructured Surface Modifications for Cardiac Implants: From Bench to Bedside.

Nalin D1, Vigneshwaran G2, Bishop Adhikari3

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty - 643 001, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu. India.

Current Cardiology Reviews
|July 16, 2026
PubMed
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Surface modifications enhance cardiovascular medical devices (CMDs) by improving biocompatibility and hemocompatibility. This review guides the selection of advanced coatings to overcome device complications and improve patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Medical Device Engineering
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Cardiovascular medical devices (CMDs) improve patient quality of life but face long-term performance issues due to blood-material interactions.
  • Complications include thrombosis, inflammation, infection, and device failure, often stemming from poor surface compatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review surface engineering strategies for cardiovascular implants.
  • To compare coating mechanisms, durability, and translational potential of surface modifications.
  • To provide a guide for selecting appropriate surface modifications and highlight future directions.

Main Methods:

  • A structured literature review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines was conducted.
  • Searches were performed on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (2020-2025).
Keywords:
Cardiovascular disordersbiocompatibilitycoatingmedical devicessurface modifications

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Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

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  • Studies on surface-modified cardiac implants evaluating biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, or infection resistance were included.

    • Main Results:

    • Surface modification and coating technologies are critical for enhancing CMD biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and functionality.
    • 115 screened records showed significant evidence of CMD-related bioactive strategies.
    • Various strategies like heparin immobilization, albumin functionalization, nitric oxide release, and zwitterionic polymers were identified.

    Conclusions:

    • Surface engineering is crucial for advancing cardiovascular medical devices.
    • Addressing challenges like device-associated infections and immune responses is vital.
    • Next-generation multifunctional coatings offer promise for improved clinical outcomes.