Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 20, 2026
Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills
Published on: April 23, 2014
Development and psychometric validation of a home-based intravenous infusion needs scale and associated factors among
Mengmeng Yang1, Yan Zhang1, Yanan Zheng2
1Cadre Medical Department, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
Purpose:
To develop and validate a scale for assessing home-based intravenous (IV) infusion needs among Chinese older adults, and to examine the level and determinants of such needs.
Methods:
The scale was developed in four stages: (1) item pool construction from the literature and semi-structured interviews with older adults; (2) initial scale development, including pilot testing and item revision; (3) scale validation, including expert evaluation of content validity, exploratory factor analysis, and reliability assessment in 303 older adults; and (4) application of the finalized scale to assess the level and determinants of home-based IV infusion needs.
Results:
The final scale comprised 19 items across four domains: professional and policy assurance, service delivery and quality assurance, safety and emergency assurance, and health guidance and follow-up assurance. These four factors accounted for 60.6% of the total variance. Item-level content validity indices ranged from 0.875 to 1.000, with scale-level indices of 0.895 (S-CVI/UA) and 0.987 (S-CVI/Ave). The total-scale Cronbach's α was 0.899. Item-level mean scores indicated a moderate-to-high level of need overall, with the highest scores observed for medical insurance reimbursement (4.12 ± 0.96) and healthcare providers' attitudes (4.10 ± 0.92). In multiple regression, living with spouse and children (vs. living alone; B = -0.290, β = -0.128, P = 0.030) and willingness to accept the service (B = 0.608, β = 0.357, P < 0.001) were independent predictors of need scores (adjusted R 2 = 0.167).
Conclusion:
The scale showed good content validity, acceptable construct validity, and satisfactory internal consistency for assessing home-based IV infusion needs among Chinese older adults. Medical insurance reimbursement and healthcare providers' attitudes were the highest-rated needs. Living arrangement and willingness to receive home-based IV infusion were significantly associated with need scores. These findings may inform needs assessments, service planning, and reimbursement policies for home-based IV infusions. Further validation in larger and more diverse independent samples is needed.
