Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Assessing the Multiple Dimensions of Engagement to Characterize Learning: A Neurophysiological Perspective
Published on: July 1, 2015
Understanding parental engagement in children and adolescents' myopia prevention and control: a push-pull-mooring
Jing Yan1, Xianfeng Hu1, Xiaowan Chen1
1Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
Objective:
Successful endeavors in myopia prevention and control require parental participation. This study applied the Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) framework to explore how push, pull, and mooring factors foster parents' willingness to engage in myopia prevention and control, and to examine the moderating role of information provision on the relationship between parental willingness and actual engagement.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among parents of children and adolescents in the Yangtze River Delta region of China. A total of 996 participants completed a web-based self-administered questionnaire. Structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression were employed to investigate the determinants of parental willingness and actual engagement in myopia prevention and control.
Results:
Push factors, including perceived risk of myopia (β = 0.119, p < 0.001) and knowledge of myopia (β = 0.221, p < 0.001), was significantly associated with parental willingness to engage. Pull factors, including recognition of policies and campaigns (β = 0.268, p < 0.001) and peer influence (β = 0.288, p < 0.001), are also positively associated with willingness. Among mooring factors, cost of myopia prevention and control (β = -0.082, p < 0.01) was negatively associated with parental willingness, and also weakened the positive association with push and pull factors on willingness. Parental willingness (β = 0.531, p < 0.001) is positively associated with actual engagement; however, information provision did not significantly moderate the relationship between willingness and actual engagement.
Conclusion:
The PPM framework effectively explained the psychosocial determinants of parental engagement in myopia prevention and control. Peer influence and recognition of myopia prevention policies and campaigns were the strongest predictors of parental willingness, while prevention costs served as a key barrier. Parental willingness, in turn, was a strong predictor of actual engagement behavior. These findings suggest that policymakers should strengthen parental willingness through targeted campaigns that leverage peer influence, improve policy awareness, and reduce prevention-related costs through resource provision at the family level.
Related Concept Videos
Influence of Parents and Peers on Identity
Parental Influence on Identity Development
Parents serve as primary guides and managers in an adolescent's life, offering support instrumental in decision-making and personal growth. This guiding role...
Information Processing Approach
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Parenting Styles
Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
Authoritative Parenting
This...
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I
The health belief model (HBM) attempts to predict health-related behavior in specific belief patterns. According to the HBM, a person's...