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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
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Theoretical justifications for using word-based stimuli in the implicit association test for physical activity.

Yoongu Lee1

  • 1Department of Physical Education, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.

Frontiers in Psychology
|July 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Word-based stimuli are recommended for physical activity Implicit Association Tests (IAT) to better measure automatic attitudes. This approach enhances reliability and consistency in understanding health behavior, moving beyond self-report limitations.

Keywords:
dual-process theoryimplicit association testimplicit attitudesphysical activitypicture-based stimuliword-based stimuli

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Area of Science:

  • Health Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Dual-process models explain the intention-behavior gap in physical activity.
  • Reflective and automatic processes influence behavior.
  • Implicit Association Tests (IAT) measure automatic associations beyond self-reports.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide theoretical and methodological justification for using word-based stimuli in physical activity IAT.
  • To recommend word-based stimuli as a default for assessing generalized implicit attitudes.
  • To explore future applications of word-based IAT in physical activity research and interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of empirical work in cognitive psychology, health behavior, and exercise psychology.
  • Theoretical argumentation for the use of word-based stimuli.
  • Discussion of measurement properties like sensitivity, reliability, and cross-cultural applicability.

Main Results:

  • Word-based stimuli may offer more consistent response times and higher internal reliability compared to picture-based stimuli.
  • Potential for lower interpretive variability with word-based stimuli.
  • Evidence is largely indirect, from studies not directly comparing modalities.

Conclusions:

  • Word-based stimuli are a justifiable default for physical activity IAT assessing generalized implicit attitudes.
  • Further research is needed to directly compare word-based and picture-based stimuli within the same study design.
  • Word-based IAT can advance understanding and intervention design for physical activity behavior.