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Related Experiment Video

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Controlled Microfluidic Environment for Dynamic Investigation of Red Blood Cell Aggregation
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Laser-based assessment of nanoparticle effects on RBC aggregation: an in vitro study.

Kirill Korneev1, Danila Umerenkov2, Petr Ermolinskiy2

  • 1Dynamics of Fluids, Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66111, Germany.

Biomedical Optics Express
|July 16, 2026
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Summary

Nanoparticles can alter blood flow by affecting red blood cell aggregation. This study identified safe concentration ranges for nanodiamonds and zinc oxide nanoparticles to minimize these effects in vitro.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Systemic administration of nanoparticles necessitates understanding their interaction with blood components.
  • Assessing nanoparticle hemocompatibility and effects on blood microrheology is crucial for nanosafety.
  • Red blood cell (RBC) aggregation is a key microrheological parameter influenced by blood composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vitro effects of different nanoparticles on red blood cell aggregation.
  • To determine concentration-dependent changes in RBC aggregation parameters caused by nanoparticles.
  • To identify nanoparticle concentrations that do not significantly alter blood microrheology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized laser tweezers to measure pairwise RBC interactions (aggregation forces, aggregation time).
  • Employed laser aggregometry to assess aggregation index and critical shear stress in RBC ensembles.
  • Tested magnetic and non-magnetic nanodiamonds and zinc oxide nanoparticles in human whole blood at various concentrations.

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticles significantly altered RBC aggregation parameters, including aggregation forces, aggregation time, aggregation index, and critical shear stress.
  • Identified specific concentration thresholds for each nanoparticle type below which no statistically significant changes in RBC aggregation were observed.
  • Determined safe concentration ranges: up to 40 μg/mL for non-magnetic nanodiamonds, 80 μg/mL for magnetic nanodiamonds, and 20 μg/mL for ZnO nanoparticles.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of nanoparticles demonstrably alters blood microrheology by influencing RBC aggregation.
  • Preliminary in vitro data suggest specific safe concentration limits for nanodiamonds and ZnO nanoparticles regarding RBC aggregation.
  • Further studies are needed to validate these findings considering inter-individual blood variability.