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Developing a fiber-based diffuse reflectance spectroscopy setup for tissue optical property estimation.

Akuroma Tolvanen1, Mahdi Qaryan1,2, Nithin Sadeesh1

  • 1University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Science, Forestry and Technology, Department of Technical Physics, Kuopio, Finland.

Biomedical Optics Express
|July 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) system accurately measures cartilage optical properties. This phantom-calibrated system supports in situ diagnostics for joint health assessment.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Tissue Optics
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of cartilage optical properties is crucial for diagnosing joint diseases.
  • Existing methods for assessing tissue optics can be complex and costly.
  • Developing cost-effective, in situ diagnostic tools for cartilage is an ongoing challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a compact, low-cost, phantom-calibrated diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) system.
  • To quantitatively estimate cartilage optical properties, specifically absorption coefficient (µa) and reduced scattering coefficient (µs').
  • To support the progression of DRS technology for in situ cartilage diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • A fiber-based DRS system was developed using a custom multi-distance probe.
  • Wavelength-specific calibration coefficients were derived from optical phantoms.
  • Diffuse reflectance spectra were corrected and fitted using diffusion theory to recover µa and µs' at 660, 780, and 850 nm.

Main Results:

  • The system demonstrated excellent agreement between theoretical and measured reflectance (bias ~0, 95% limits of agreement ±0.0114).
  • Estimated µa values for bovine patellar cartilage were characteristic of hydrated soft tissue (0.07–0.24 cm⁻¹).
  • Estimated µs' values showed a consistent decrease with wavelength (9.7–15.8 cm⁻¹) and aligned with literature values.

Conclusions:

  • Phantom-calibrated DRS enables accurate and reproducible estimation of cartilage optical properties.
  • The validated system provides a framework for arthroscopic optical assessment of joint health.
  • This technology holds promise for advancing in situ diagnostics in orthopedics.