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Updated: Jul 17, 2026

In vivo Structural Assessments of Ocular Disease in Rodent Models using Optical Coherence Tomography

In vivo Structural Assessments of Ocular Disease in Rodent Models using Optical Coherence Tomography

Published on: July 24, 2020

Proto-clinical optoretinography dependence on temporal and spatial resolution.

Arman Athwal¹, Ringo Ng^2,3, Ayoub Faraji⁴

¹Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.

Biomedical Optics Express

|July 16, 2026

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Phase-based optoretinography (ORG) measures photoreceptor deformation using optical coherence tomography (OCT). This study shows repeatable ORG is achievable with clinically realistic OCT hardware, guiding future non-invasive retinal imaging.

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Biomedical Optics
Retinal Imaging

Background:

Optoretinography (ORG) non-invasively measures stimulus-evoked photoreceptor deformation.
Phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the underlying technology for ORG.
Understanding ORG parameter influence is crucial for clinical translation.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of lateral resolution, acquisition speed, and averaging on velocity-based phase ORG.
To assess the feasibility of implementing ORG on clinically relevant spectral-domain OCT hardware.
To provide practical guidance for proto-clinical ORG implementation.

Main Methods:

Raster-scanning spectral-domain OCT platform configured for clinical realism.
Imaging of seven healthy human eyes with varied beam diameter, B-scan rate, and averaging.

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Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Optokinetic Response As Structural and Functional Visual System Readouts in Mice and Rats

Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Optokinetic Response As Structural and Functional Visual System Readouts in Mice and Rats

Published on: January 10, 2019

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Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

In vivo Structural Assessments of Ocular Disease in Rodent Models using Optical Coherence Tomography

In vivo Structural Assessments of Ocular Disease in Rodent Models using Optical Coherence Tomography

Published on: July 24, 2020

Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Optokinetic Response As Structural and Functional Visual System Readouts in Mice and Rats

Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Optokinetic Response As Structural and Functional Visual System Readouts in Mice and Rats

Published on: January 10, 2019

Analysis of phase-based ORG metrics under different imaging conditions.

Main Results:

The characteristic biphasic photoreceptor response (contraction-elongation) was consistently observed.
Higher numerical aperture (NA) improved structural visibility but not ORG metrics; moderate NA provided stability.
Increased acquisition speed sharpened dynamics but reduced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); averaging significantly improved SNR.

Conclusions:

Repeatable phase-based ORGs are achievable without cellular resolution or ultrahigh scan rates.
Proto-clinical ORG can be implemented on conventional OCT systems.
Findings offer practical guidance for optimizing ORG parameters in clinical settings.