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Related Concept Videos

Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T...
Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac muscle...
Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle01:25

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin to...
ECG Interpretation of Rhythms01:24

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage. When...
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System
10:17

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System

Published on: April 11, 2025

Real-time On-device Inference for ECG Classification of Ventricular Dysfunction.

Antonio Mendoza1, Cindy Nguyen1, Joseph R Cavallaro1

  • 1Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.

Conference Record. Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers
|July 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a portable system for real-time electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis to detect heart conditions. The efficient embedded system enables continuous monitoring for heart failure patients and Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) management.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System
10:17

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System

Published on: April 11, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Technology
  • Embedded Systems

Background:

  • Ventricular dysfunction and related arrhythmias are critical in managing heart failure.
  • Continuous monitoring is essential for patients with heart failure and those with Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs).
  • Current monitoring solutions often require external computation, limiting real-time, integrated analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a portable embedded system for real-time electrocardiogram (ECG) beat classification.
  • To enable continuous, on-device monitoring for conditions like ventricular dysfunction.
  • To facilitate integration with LVAD systems for enhanced patient management.

Main Methods:

  • Created a combined dataset from Physionet single-lead ECG data.
  • Developed a lightweight, quantized, hardware-accelerated model using residual connections for ECG signal processing.
  • Implemented and tested the system on an ARM Cortex-M33-based System-on-Chip (SoC).
  • Validated the end-to-end system using a patient simulator and the MAX30003 sensor.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an average Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.9946 in multiclass classification.
  • Demonstrated low power consumption (0.95 mJ) and fast inference time (119 ms) at 78 MHz.
  • Utilized minimal memory resources: 709.6 KB Flash and 24.7 KB runtime RAM.
  • Confirmed system functionality and accuracy through end-to-end validation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed portable embedded system provides accurate, real-time ECG beat classification for critical cardiac conditions.
  • The system's low power and memory footprint make it suitable for continuous, on-device monitoring.
  • This technology paves the way for seamless integration with LVAD systems, improving patient care and monitoring capabilities.