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Related Concept Videos

Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota

The human gut microbiome includes a diverse array of microbial species, including beneficial commensals and opportunistic pathogens, which interact to support host health. These microbes contribute to essential functions such as nutrient metabolism, immune system modulation, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. However, disruptions to this equilibrium—referred to as dysbiosis—can have widespread physiological consequences.Dysbiosis is often characterized by reduced microbial...
Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such as...
Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics01:21

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...
Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the small...
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...

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Related Experiment Videos

Gut Microbiota Influences Aortic Dissection Risk via Cortisol: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Changbo Zhao1, Hongchao Xu2, Yi Xu1

  • 1Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Pujian Road 160, 200127 Shanghai, China.

Current Cardiology Reviews
|July 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Gut bacteria influence aortic dissection risk, with Ruminococcus gnavus potentially increasing risk by altering cortisol levels. Further research is needed to confirm these findings for aortic dissection prevention.

Keywords:
Mendelian randomizationaortic dissectioncausalitygastrointestinal microbiomehydrocortisone

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Microbiology
  • Cardiovascular Disease

Background:

  • The link between gut microbiota and aortic dissection (AD) progression is not fully understood.
  • The role of cortisol in this association is inconclusive.
  • This study aimed to clarify cortisol's contribution to the gut microbiota-AD relationship.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and aortic dissection.
  • To determine if cortisol levels mediate the association between gut microbiota and aortic dissection.
  • To identify specific gut bacteria and metabolites involved in aortic dissection risk.

Main Methods:

  • Two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) using large-scale genome-wide association meta-analysis data for gut microbiota (n=18,340) and aortic dissection (967 cases, 381,977 controls).
  • Utilized inverse-variance weighting, weighted median, MR-Egger, and MRPRESSO for causal inference.
  • Performed mediated MR analyses incorporating blood metabolites to identify mediating pathways.

Main Results:

  • Seven gut microbial species showed a potential protective or negative effect on aortic dissection.
  • The Ruminococcus gnavus group was identified as potentially deleterious, possibly acting through cortisol level alterations.
  • Mediated analyses identified specific metabolites linking gut bacteria to aortic dissection.

Conclusions:

  • Gut microbiota plays a role in aortic dissection development and prevention.
  • Cortisol may mediate the effect of certain gut bacteria, like Ruminococcus gnavus, on aortic dissection.
  • Randomized controlled trials are crucial for validating the link between gut microbiota and aortic dissection risk.