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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Published on: January 17, 2025

The Counselling Session Benefits Scale: Reliability, validity and psychometric properties.

Yonghui Li¹, Jiaping Yang¹, Xin Zhang¹

¹Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

Psychology and Psychotherapy

|July 16, 2026

Summary

The Counselling Session Benefits Scale (CSBS) is a new, reliable tool to measure client improvements after counseling. It assesses benefits like emotional release and increased confidence in university and clinical settings.

Keywords:

confirmatory factor analysis counselling benefits exploratory factor analysis measurement invariance scale development

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Published on: January 17, 2025

Area of Science:

Psychological assessment
Clinical psychology
Psychotherapy research

Background:

Assessing client-reported benefits is crucial for evaluating psychotherapy effectiveness.
Existing measures may not fully capture the multifaceted gains from counseling sessions.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate the Counselling Session Benefits Scale (CSBS), a self-report instrument.
To assess the psychometric properties of the CSBS in diverse client populations.

Main Methods:

Expert evaluation and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in Study 1.
Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal consistency, and validity testing in Study 2.
Measurement invariance testing across demographic and clinical variables.

Main Results:

The 23-item CSBS demonstrated a five-factor structure: emotional release, cognitive changes, coping skills, confidence, and self-acceptance.
The scale exhibited acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's α) and confirmed factor structure via EFA/CFA.
CSBS scores positively correlated with working alliance and showed measurement invariance across gender, medication use, psychotherapy experience, and time.

Conclusions:

The CSBS is a reliable and valid measure for client gains after single counseling sessions.
The scale is suitable for use in university and clinical settings.
Further validation in Western countries with representative samples is recommended.