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FO process for concentrating electroless nickel spent tank liquid: influence of pH on membrane fouling

Jia-Yu Xu1, Xinguang Wang2, Hao Xie3

  • 1College of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.

Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research
|July 16, 2026
PubMed

Keywords:
electroless nickel spent tank liquid (ENSTL)forward osmosismembrane foulingpH regulationwater flux

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