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Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Mesocosm-Scale Constructed Wetland Design for Wastewater Treatment
Published on: May 2, 2025
Sustainable triphasic macrophyte-substrate-microbial synergies in constructed wetlands for textile wastewater
George Mbena1, Naveen Chand1, Rajat Pant1
1Environment and Biofuel Research Laboratory, Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy (HRED), Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
Abstract:
Textile industries' effluent is highly colored and pollutant rich, posing a significant challenge for the wastewater treatment industry. Untreated or partially treated dye wastewater is often highly toxic, teratogenic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic, posing a serious risk to public health and the ecosystem. Hence, here we synthesize the recent advancement for the textile wastewater treatment. The study evaluates constructed wetlands (CWs) as a sustainable and low-cost technology for treating textile wastewater. The review emphasizes the high toxicity potential of textile effluents due to recalcitrant dyes and associated contaminants, and reviews recent advancements in CW configurations, treatment efficiency, and key mechanisms associated. The review synthesis indicates that CWs have a significant scale-up opportunity if optimized and designed in a planned manner. The reduction of pollutants in CWs is mainly dependent on a combination of chemical, physical, and biological mechanisms to degrade or absorb complex dye molecules. Subsequently, substrate and plant selection become important for the better performance of the CWs for treating textile effluents.
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